Every year we celebrate World Heritage Week and World Heritage Day; a thought that keeps lingering in my mind is do we really value our heritage? Why is it important to preserve our heritage? Heritage is an all-encompassing word. It includes many things – built heritage like monuments and buildings, culture, and traditions. For the last few years as I went around exploring Jaipur, I was shocked to find that almost 90-95% of our built heritage is in urgent need of attention and repair. The attitude towards the built heritage in Jaipur and architecture requires a huge change. Given the sheer quantum of heritage buildings in Jaipur, it requires massive efforts and funds. I’m sure this holds true for other old cities and sites across India. Read more to know why the attitude of people towards our heritage needs a big change after these pictures. My focus in this post is the heritage of Jaipur.
Jaipur Heritage: What Is the Importance of Heritage Conservation
Preserving Jaipur heritage and architecture is important. There are some good reasons for preserving heritage buildings in Jaipur. The challenges of heritage conservation in India are immense. Although heritage buildings have been documented in Jaipur by many agencies, we are yet to witness the benefits of the same.
1. Our heritage is a link to our past
The buildings and monuments are an important indicator of our beliefs, practices, customs, and ways of life. Heritage provides a path to understanding anthropology. It provides us with an easy way to study how we have evolved as a society. With the presence of so many temples in the walled city of Jaipur, it is easy to understand why religion and religious customs are still very strong in Jaipur. Therefore, we need to protect the built heritage.
2. Heritage provides us with a platform to study our history.
Cenotaph like the one in Jaipur – Royal Gaitore speaks a lot about the attitude of the rulers towards art and religion. Some buildings are ornate whereas others are simple. Many structures are made of white marble or sandstone. And then there are the ones that blend marble & sandstone beautifully. Historians can decipher many aspects by simply analyzing buildings. The pyramids in Egypt provide a clue to the prevalent customs and religion of its period. It is because of the presence of these heritage structures we can continue to study human customs etc
3. Preserving heritage is profitable & helps in increasing tourism
European towns have shown that heritage conservation of buildings and culture is a way forward to bolster tourism and wealth. Small towns in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and many other countries attract many tourists because of their heritage buildings. This is the only source of income in these places. In stark contrast, there are many heritage sites, monuments, and buildings spread across India, if restored and preserved, these can open new opportunities for government and people.
4. Our heritage makes us unique.
In a globalized world, buildings are similar everywhere whether it is Bangalore, Hong Kong, or London. It is all glass and concrete facade. The old buildings have stories to tell. They have unique design elements. You will not find buildings like Hawa Mahal anywhere else in the world!
5. Heritage inspires travel
Distinct cultures, customs, and buildings are great travel attractions. Everyone wants to experience something new. People won’t travel thousands of miles to witness or experience things they can find in their backyard. The Kremlin in Moscow, the Louvre in Paris, Amer Fort in Jaipur, and the Taj Mahal in Agra are great travel attractions. Similarly, Diwali in India, Songkran in Thailand, and Bullfighting in Spain are a big draw among travelers & tourists.
In my opinion, the following attitudes need to change.
Jaipur Heritage Conservation Challenges
Among the many challenges we face in heritage conservation in Jaipur, here are a few:
Mindset of people About Jaipur Heritage
There are many challenges in heritage conservation in Jaipur. The most common being that the old buildings are all about bygone days. Most residents in Jaipur feel that old buildings and customs have no place in current times. They link old buildings and customs with the bygone era. This is one reason Jaipur is losing old Havelis and buildings at a fast pace. Old buildings in the walled city area are being grazed down to make way for commercial spaces despite a government ban. The documentation of heritage buildings in Jaipur was done a couple of years ago. Despite this, the authorities have not taken any concrete steps to preserve old buildings in the walled city of Jaipur. This is when the walled city has been accorded the status of UNESCO World Heritage SiteÂ
Jaipur Heritage and Governance
The state of affairs during the previous government and chief minister’s reign has been terrible for Jaipur heritage conservation. The authorities failed to maintain the basic sanitization of the Walled City of Jaipur. The Havelis gave way to the modern complexes at a very fast pace. Often, such practices were in collusion with the authorities. The municipal corporation was split into two to retain control over it, leading to the failure of the municipal corporation in its functioning. The result was that the by-lanes of the walled city were full of garbage.
Jaipur Heritage Conservation is vital for the city. The city is known for its built heritage. Without heritage, Jaipur will lose its identity.
Read the in-depth write-up on Jaipur Havelis – The Vanishing Havelis of Jaipur
Collusion with government officials allows people to circumnavigate this ban. One of the great reasons for converting old buildings into commercial ones is the lure of money.
The Future of Jaipur Heritage
I’m afraid in the next couple of years, Jaipur may end up losing 50-60 percent of old buildings in the walled city area. Bikaner city has already experienced this phenomenon where people sold off beautiful & ornate Jalis and windows from the Haveli façade. Here is a picture of a beautiful facade of the Rampuria Havelis in Bikaner.
All these parts of the building facade are modular & can be taken off before razing down the structure. Making quick money in the antique market was a big lure for people to do so. But prompt action from authorities has now made it impossible for people to do so.
Cases where the heritage of Jaipur needs to be conserved
- The Great Wall of Amer
The government and authorities need to change their attitude too. They have only been doing what is necessary. For example, the areas which are visible to the tourists visiting Amer Fort are in excellent condition but the ones which are not visible to the tourists are crumbling down. Authorities are not interested in repairing & restoring parts of Amer Fort’s defence. What is apparent is that the government only wants to optimize the money spent on heritage.
Amer Fort, Jaipur
Sections of Amer Fort, which once used to be the entry point to Amer town, are decaying & crumbling due to lack of repair. Read: Why is the loss of the Great Wall of Amer inevitable?
- Mariam Mahal
I would like to mention Mariam Mahal in Jaipur. Jagat Singh, son of Mirza Man Singh of Amer, built a palace for his lover Mariam located far away from the famous Amer Fort. It was called Mariam Mahal.
Jagat Singh died at an early age around 32-34 due to the habit of excessive drinking is one of the popular opinions, while the other one is that he died fighting in a battle Mariam continued to live in this place till her death. The palace is almost extinct; unfortunately, the authorities have not conserved this important heritage of Jaipur. Here are a few pictures of Mariam Mahal.
Read the complete post: The Elusive Mariam Mahal
- Structures and old buildings in the Walled City of Jaipur
During my visit to a heritage temple in Jaipur, a priest confessed that he would like to get the temple repairs carried out using ancient techniques. He was forced to use modern techniques because of the lack of skilled people and whooping costs. Traditional construction techniques involve lime plaster and stone. Popular repair techniques, on the other hand, rely on bricks, cement, and concrete which are easily available.
Everything is not bad, we also have many heritage sites that are being maintained beautifully and are great tourist attractions like Amer Fort, Hawa Mahal, and the Nahargarh Fort to name a few. This post merely highlights the attitude towards heritage.
You might want to read this post about heritage conservation in Jaipur – The unknown face behind heritage conservation in Jaipur. This post shares information about people who are engaged in heritage conservation in Jaipur.
The way forward for the conservation of Jaipur’s heritage
Unless the government provides techniques, trained manpower, and financial help to owners of heritage buildings, it is impossible to use ancient techniques in restoration. Repairs carried out using modern methods in heritage buildings are neither effective nor lasting. They only inflict further damage to structures. Moreover, it is an eyesore.
Heritage preservation cannot be done unless both the government and the public make an effort. It seems that even authorities have become insensitive to the changing façade in old bazaars. The inability to enforce law, populism, corruption, and vote banks is taking a toll on our heritage. The introduction of the underground metro in the old bazaars of Jaipur against public opinion needs a lot of mulling over and thought. Here is a picture of Badi Chaupar and Hawa Mahal in the background with Jaipur Metro work in the foreground.
Underground metro construction work has caused damage to heritage structures. Authorities are building a metro project in the name of development. We may likely lose much of our built heritage in the next decade or two since neither the public nor authorities have any inclination to save our heritage. Meanwhile, I have been mulling over a thought that will attract tourists to Jaipur? Metro? Malls? Glitzy modern buildings? Uninspiring architecture? or shopping in old bazaars? I failed to come up with the answer.
Let me show you this picture from Amer Fort which depicts the attitude of our countrymen toward our heritage. It is self-explanatory. This picture captures the Janani Deori section or the residential unit of Queens. I have written a separate post on this issue –Stop doing this to our heritage!
Read the Jaipur Then And Now series which describes each tourist attraction or famous site in detail with old and new pictures.
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You are right! It does!
This is a really thoughtful piece of writing about Jaipur’s built heritage. I think you make very pertinent points. As Jaipur’s extensive new builds increase its urban footprint, the city is polarising into the old/shabby and new/shiny. A city evolves. So there is a need for growth. Controlled, thoughtful and sensible rather than exploded across the city perimeters. With a focus on not losing the fabric of the old city. These are its bones.
What the government and inhabitants might not understand is the fickle nature of tourists and tourism. Once a tourist thinks they’ve ‘done’ Jaipur or India, that’s it. They’re often off to ‘do’ the next experience. I come across this regularly when I’m trying to persuade clients to come on my photo workshops. They’ve ‘seen’ the sights in offer, the sights filtered by travel guides, travel books, newspaper articles, blogs, government ad campaigns. Very often it is a tick-box, shutter-slam operation.
I think one answer to this difficult question if funding architectural preservation is to try to persuade visitors to Jaipur to experience the cityscape less travelled. By offering thoughtful, engaged heritage tourism that PAYS towards the upkeep of these extraordinary, amazing structures, and making traditional building techniques part of the upkeep story, the less well- known architectural gems might make it another 100 years. Keep photographing and writing, Arve. You’re making good work that is shining an important light on Jaipur’s heritage and future. Does Jaipur have an architectural heritage charity?
I’d love to talk to my groups about these structures at risk and photograph them with you, Arve. It would make a brilliant addition to the normal tourist offerings. It fits with the slow, experiential tourism that Jaipur tourism board should be encouraging. (Did I tell you I did my PhD on tourism in India?!!) best, Ali x
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Thanks for sharing your views based on your multiple trips to Jaipur. I have gone around in small lanes many times over and have written what I have felt. There’s a lot more to write but that will take time.
Though some of the government’s try to do things differently and offer more offbeat stuff in reality that has never happened beyond launching and PR stuff. There are multiple reasons for it. Unless we have special programs which involve people offering them to visitors and advertising in an effective manner, it will never happen.
No, we don’t have such a fund. The government does spend a lot of money on upkeep like the current program is about restoration, and painting of the bazaar facade but it doesn’t take care of side alleys and other places. So there is no comprehensive plan. Partly, that is because it requires an incredible amount and given the fact that most of the governments are populist they have “other agendas” too to take care of. Also, while one party is proactive on restoration program, during the rule of another party it is a different story.
Ali, I will be happy to partner with you and your group. There are many other options apart from the usual bazaar. Also, devoting so much time has certainly given new insights.
The problem that you are fighting is that Jaipur being such a popular place people have perceptions and opinions. I’m sure most people equate Jaipur with Hawa Mahal and Amer Palace. But there are layers of a city that you can unfold only when you look beyond the usual. Like I mentioned before that Jaipur is a great place for photographers. It’s not just about forts and palaces, we also have a great street life, festivals, nature and what not. There are many creative ideas that can be implemented in a photo walk!
You did your PhD in India? wow! That’s great. Are you from India?
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Hi Arv,
I’m the only one in my family not to be born in India. Annoyingly! No, I’m English, but with a beating heart that’s Indian.. you write beautifully. I love reading your posts. I think there is much to share with photographers about Jaipur and I think you are right about people needing time to explore. The more they find the more the government might think about funding. It’s difficult. We should think about raising awareness via an exhibition of images taken by visiting photographers who come on workshops. That might be a starting point. Ali x
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Ali, I is interesting to note that your entire family except you were born in India. When you say your heart is Indian, it connotes your love for the country. Maybe you like culture, people….the possibilities are endless! I write in a simple language and avoid uncommon words because I want to keep it universal and essentially that’s my style. In spite of living here I am also discovering. There are many areas where I keep visiting again and again because there is something new happening every time! Why don’t you exhibit the city as captured by the participants in an exhibition? I can certainly give you ideas. 🙂
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Hi Arv. How you doing. I think it would be really interesting to put an exhibition together on how tourists see Jaipur. Plenty of opportunities to thread a story on the tourist gaze. I caught your messages this morning out the corner of my eye (working) and now I can’t find them!!!
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Absolutely! Are you talking about Instagram?
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What a shame it is to witness crumbling structures and wrongful restorations. So happy to have discovered this blog through Instagram.My Grandma used to live in the walled city in a lime mortar house with low ceiling and small windows with jalis. It has long been sold and was razed by the owner.I always dreamt of growing up in time to purchase it back.
Anyhow, what i mean to say is that we people who pride ourselves in our heritage, very easily disassociate ourselves from the old to grab the new, as you pointed out.
In a way,Government’s apathy is a reflection of our own.
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Abhilasha, I’m happy that you feel attached to our heritage and you have an emotional connection to your old house. Unfortunately, most people (young) find it difficult to connect with heritage because they never had that connect. All of us feel that modern and “western” is the way forward which is a wrong idea. We can grow and prosper with our heritage in a much better way than simply copying things from other places. Europe is a good example for all us. They have created a tourism-based model from their built heritage. I’m sure people are not interested to see modern and glass buildings here in Jaipur when they can find it in their own country. Unless we don’t realize this our heritage will be lost. Forever! on another note, how did you find my blog on Instagram?
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I guess this is the story of our country! I have seen some of the most beautiful and historically important monuments across the country slathered in cement plaster and it breaks my heart. Honestly, till date I used to think Rajasthan with its impeccably maintained palaces and forts is the ideal example to be followed by states like Maharashtra / Gujarat who are struggling big time with conserving their heritage. ( I have written about this on my blog). In that sense, this article was an eye opener for me. I just wish more and more people come across this! Awareness can create a huge positive impact.
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Madhura, there is no denying that Rajasthan leads when it comes to maintaining heritage buildings. The sheer number of such structures makes it difficult. The ones in private hands which are deriving money on a commercial basis can afford to do so but for others it is a sad tale. Conservation requires lots of money and unless government provides support it will be difficult to do so. There are many heritage buildings which are maintained very well. What we need is government policy to stop misuse and destruction and support in maintaining such structures.
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Arv, I so agree with your views and opinion. I really feel that there is a need for serious on the heritage buildings all across India. Recently I am in my native town and I am pained to see how the old buildings (which may not be of any historical importance as in Rajasthan) are either in dilapidated state or have come to the hands of the real estate people and finally ended up in ugly sky scrappers. The economical inability for maintenance and the lure of glamourised new apartment and money has forced people to hand over such ancient buildings to the builders and promoters.
Strict law and enforcement along with a change in the public mindset are required to prevent these ancient buildings from falling into the hands of this rapid and ugly commercialization.
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I agree Sarmistha. It is a difficult battle. A battle between protecting our heritage and the lure of money/glamour. We cannot win this unless attitude towards heritage changes in the public’s mindset. People think that everything shiny is development. It is not just about historical importance, it is about our past and who we are.
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Just what I feel. Wonderful article. Hope someone somewhere wakes up.
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I’m glad that we are on the same frequency, Anuradha. I’m hoping to raise some awareness. Let’s hope for the best. It’ll be great if you can compile similar thing from your city.
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Trying to compile it.
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thumbs up! Will look out for your post
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A thought-provoking post, written beautifully.
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that’s such a thought evoking post. indeed heritage conservation is very important in our country lot’s of our monuments lay in ruins.
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I’m glad we are on the same side. Do you witness destruction of heritage in your city too, Richa?
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Khamma Ghani ARV,
Being a heritage enthusiast I agree with your thoughts strongly, as Rajasthanis we have been blessed with rich heritage and culture, these heritage monuments and cultural values are source of inspiration and pride for us because they remind us of the glorious history we are part of.
These days due to modernization many of the heritage sites of Marwar ,Shekhawati ,Mewar, Amer etc, are under grave threat. Although Rajasthan government is doing its best to protect and conserve these heritage sites from being damaged but still the lack of proper enforcement of laws is putting these sites at more danger. The sites which are at severe danger are mostly Baoris, cenotaphs etc , because of the less number of tourists which travel there, which leads to these sites getting ignored by government.
Lack of knowledge of our rich heritage and history in today’s generation is also a reason behind the bad conditions of these monuments, because often we can see people writing there names on the walls of these monuments and Littering garbage around these sites, which degrades there value drastically.
I think that there is a serious need of strict laws for restoration and rejuvenation of heritage sites all over the Rajasthan, and also the government should ensure that these laws are properly enforced by the government officials and also it is need of the hour that people are educated and taught about there role in restoration of these invaluable heritage sites.
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I couldn’t agree more. Unfortunately, the destruction of heritage is a result of collusion. I wish there was a strong intent to save heritage. Opportunity and money continues to dictate the actions. I hope things change for better. Thanks for sharing your thoughts.
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